目錄
E-port兔，悄悄話
本篇詳細介紹了如何寫出一篇好的英文作文，從基本結構到具體步驟進行指導。主要內容包括引言、主體段落和結論的十個構件：引言部分的吸引點、背景資訊和論點陳述；主體段落的主題句、支持細節、解釋與分析及過渡；結論部分的重申論點、總結和結尾思考。並以具體範例示範如何應用這些技巧來提升作文品質。
作者：臺北市立大學雙語教學研究中心 王冠程 老師
英語作文結構
英文作文在結構上，一般而言會遵循一個標準化的格式：引言–主體–結論。就是所謂的 Introduction – Body Paragraph – Conclusion。但是事實上，一篇好的英文作文應該要細分成十個構件，以下是具體分解：
引言 : Introduction
① 吸引點 – Hook
- 以一個引人注目的句子開始，以吸引讀者的注意。
- 它可以是一個問題、引用、事實或趣聞。
② 背景資訊 – Background Information
- 提供討論主題的背景，這部分介紹主題並為論點陳述設定舞台。
③ 論點陳述 – Thesis Statement
- 呈現出文章的主要想法或論點。
- 就是對你將要討論和辯護的關鍵點或主張的簡明總結。
主題段落：Body Paragraph
④ 主題句 – Topic Sentence
- 每段以一個主題句開始，介紹該段落的主要想法。
⑤ 支持細節 – Supporting Details
- 在主題句之後，包括事實、例子、引用和論據來支持主要想法。
⑥ 解釋與分析 – Explanation & Analysis
- 解釋支持細節與主題句和論點陳述的關係。
- 這裡是你分析證據並顯示其重要性的地方。
⑦ 過渡 – Transition
- 使用過渡詞或短語連接段落，創造你的文章的流暢性。
- 這有助於保持整體作文的連貫性。
結論：Conclusion
⑧ 重申論點 – Restate the Thesis
- 以不同的詞語重申你的論點陳述，開始結論部分。
- 這再次確認了你所採取的立場。
⑨ 總結 – Summary
- 總結主體段落中提出的主要點。
- 加強了你提出的論據。
⑩ 結尾思考 – Final Thought
- 以一個強有力的結尾聲明結束。
- 它可以是行動號召、建議、預測或對你的論點含義的反思。
- 目的是在讀者心中留下深刻印象。
作文示範：110 年學測英文作文
Imagine visiting a beautiful flower field, surrounded by vibrant blooms and a sign asking you to respect the flowers. Yet, no one pays attention to the sign. In many scenic locations, visitors often encounter signs urging them to respect the natural environment, but the allure of the perfect photograph or experience sometimes leads them to ignore these warnings. Ignoring signs and entering restricted areas in flower fields not only shows a lack of respect for the farmers’ hard work but also causes significant economic losses and environmental damage.
Disregarding the signs in flower fields highlights a deeper problem of self-centered behavior among visitors. Visitors trample flowers, causing physical damage; Farmers face economic losses due to ruined flowers; Signs are placed as a preventive measure. The act of trampling flowers goes beyond mere physical damage—it represents a disregard for the effort and care that farmers invest in cultivating these blooms. This careless behavior can lead to significant financial setbacks for farmers, who rely on selling these flowers as part of their livelihood. Despite clear warnings, the fact that visitors continue to ignore the signs suggests a broader issue of disrespect and entitlement. While some might argue that visitors are essential for the tourism industry, the negative impacts cannot be ignored.
In summary, ignoring the signs in flower fields is not just disrespectful but also economically and environmentally damaging. Visitors often prioritize their experiences over respecting guidelines in flower fields, leading to both economic and emotional consequences for farmers. It’s crucial for all visitors to understand the value of respecting nature and the hard work of those who cultivate it, ensuring that such beauty can be enjoyed by all in a sustainable manner.
具體分解
引言 - Introduction
① 吸引點 Hook
Imagine visiting a beautiful flower field, surrounded by vibrant blooms and a sign asking you to respect the flowers. Yet, no one pays attention to the sign.
❑ 想像一下，當你來到一片美麗的花田，四周都是鮮豔的花朵，但旁邊有個告示牌請求你尊重這些花草。可是，沒有人注意這個告示牌。
② 背景資訊 – Background Information
In many scenic locations, visitors often encounter signs urging them to respect the natural environment, but the allure of the perfect photograph or experience sometimes leads them to ignore these warnings.
❑ 在許多風景區裡，遊客經常會遇到請求他們尊重自然環境的標誌，但完美照片或體驗的誘惑有時會使他們忽視這些警告。
③ 論點陳述 – Thesis Statement
Ignoring signs and entering restricted areas in flower fields not only shows a lack of respect for the farmers’ hard work but also causes significant economic losses and environmental damage.
❑ 忽視標誌並進入花田的禁區，不僅顯示出對農民辛勤工作的缺乏尊重，還會造成重大經濟損失和環境破壞。
主題段落：Body Paragraph
④ 主題句 Topic Sentence
Disregarding the signs in flower fields highlights a deeper problem of self-centered behavior among visitors.
❑ 無視花田中的標誌突顯了遊客自我中心行為的深層問題。
⑤ 支持細節 Supporting Details
Visitors trample flowers, causing physical damage; Farmers face economic losses due to ruined flowers; Signs are placed as a preventive measure.
❑ 遊客踩踏花朵，造成物理損壞；農民因花朵被破壞而遭受經濟損失；標誌是作為預防措施而設置的。
⑥ 解釋與分析 Explanation and Analysis
The act of trampling flowers goes beyond mere physical damage—it represents a disregard for the effort and care that farmers invest in cultivating these blooms. This careless behavior can lead to significant financial setbacks for farmers, who rely on selling these flowers as part of their livelihood. Despite clear warnings, the fact that visitors continue to ignore the signs suggests a broader issue of disrespect and entitlement.
❑ 踩踏花朵的行為不僅僅是物理損壞，它代表了一種對農民付出的努力和關愛的漠視。這種粗心大意的行為可能導致農民的重大財務損失，因為他們依賴銷售這些花來維持生計。儘管有明確的警告，遊客仍然繼續忽視這些標誌，這表明了一個更廣泛的問題，即缺乏尊重和特權心理。
⑦ 過渡 Transition
While some might argue that visitors are essential for the tourism industry, the negative impacts cannot be ignored.
❑ 雖然有人可能認為遊客對旅遊業至關重要，但其負面影響不可忽視。
結論：Final Thought
⑧ 重申論點 Restate the Thesis
In summary, ignoring the signs in flower fields is not just disrespectful but also economically and environmentally damaging.
❑ 總之，無視花田中的標誌不僅是不尊重的行為，而且還會造成經濟和環境損害。
⑨ 總結 Summary
Visitors often prioritize their experiences over respecting guidelines in flower fields, leading to both economic and emotional consequences for farmers.
❑ 遊客往往將自己的體驗置於尊重花田規範之上，給農民帶來經濟和情感上的後果。
⑩ 結尾思考 Final Thought
It’s crucial for all visitors to understand the value of respecting nature and the hard work of those who cultivate it, ensuring that such beauty can be enjoyed by all in a sustainable manner.
❑ 所有遊客都必須理解尊重自然以及那些精心栽培花草的人們的重要性，確保這種美麗能以可持續的方式被大家享受。
